Another example of the hardships faced by the Spaniards comes from Alonso Dávila. His accomplishments were astounding and included being the first to move on foot from Campeche to Chetumal. But what makes him famous in the eyes of many was his failure at Chetumal and the subsequent escape to Honduras by him and his men. The escape that Dávila and his small band of men made during their retreat to Villa Real plays out like a comedy of errors as they encountered one hardship after another while struggling to escape the clutches of the Mayan populations of Uaymil-Chetumal.
“…We crossed 15 leagues of uninhabited, bush covered land…and then found the way blocked by a very large lagoon two leagues across, the ends of which were not known, nor were even able to be seen…it was everywhere, such land that it was impossible for the men to pass forward or cross either on foot or on horseback.…Canoes were the only solution, and since
there were none at hand we retraced our route for a three days’ march and encamped in cultivated land…the Indians now took fine canoes to the lagoon by other waterways, and…thus crossed without difficulty… now entirely overgrown, on the other side of the lagoon and followed it with difficulty toward Aclan through a country which was everywhere close in by unbroken forests and woodland…”
But the land itself was not the only influence placed upon Dávila and his men. The weather which then summarily exerted its forces upon the land created great hardships for them during their escape to Honduras and striking an image of absolute incompetence that made the most seasoned of conquistadors at the service of the Spanish Crown seem like the freshest of recruits sent to the New World. One such event happened during the escape shortly before and after a brief downpour along the banks of modern day Belize:
“…Alonso de Luján who lead a strong detachment upstream in six canoes, and was directed against a pueblo which lay far inland. As Luján and his party proceeded, they ran into a cloudburst, which, along with the strong current they were fighting, made progress almost impossible. Nevertheless, thy finally arrived at their destination, only to find that the bank on which they had to land was over a canoe-length higher than the level of the river and that they could not get ashore. Then the full force of the flood caused by the cloudburst father upstream suddenly roared down on them, overflowing the banks and inundating the town, from which the Indians had already fled. The Spaniards’ canoes were overturned and swept away, and they were forced to climb trees to escape drowning in rushing waters…
A high, blustering north wind carried away their canoes, which were insecurely moored, and with them the captive guides and rowers fastened in their stocks. All these unfortunate Indians died, and the canoes were lost”.
The land of Yucatan on its surface today seems like a tropical paradise for many who are looking to escape into a tourist getaway. But the reality for the first Spaniards who attempted to conquer it and for the Yucatecan Maya who lived on its soils for hundreds of years was that it was a climate of extremes that could cause many hardships. The first one hundred years of Spanish exploration in the New World was far from a scientific exploration of new lands, and in many ways Yucatan presented a completely alien environment from anything that the previous of conquistadors had encountered. Yucatan was rich with many resources that offered advantages to the Maya and Spanish alike as long as they were managed properly and the subtle nuances of the regional specialization were recognized. Mismanagement of these resources was one of the main reasons why the Spaniards were unable to properly tame the land and why the Maya were struggling to maintain their way of life. Much can be said for the fighting between the soldiers of Francisco de Montejo and the factions of the Maya within Yucatan, and there is no doubt that this war of attrition played a role in what happened to both civilizations. But the land of Yucatan was the root cause of nearly all pain and suffering experienced by all sides.